HJ 1453-2026 An fitar da "Ingancin Ruwa - Tabbatar da Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni da Cr - Injin Gasa na Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry" a hukumance a matsayin muhimmin tushe don gano ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin ingancin ruwa kuma zai fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2026. Wannan ma'aunin yana ba da takamaiman bayanai na fasaha masu inganci da inganci don tantance waɗannan manyan abubuwan ƙarfe guda biyar masu nauyi a cikin ruwan saman, ruwan ƙasa, najasa na cikin gida da ruwan sharar masana'antu. Dangane da kulawa mai tsauri da buƙatun ganowa mafi girma, na'urar tantancewa ta atomatik ta tanda graphite za ta zama muhimmiyar hanyar tallafawa don sa ido kan ingancin ƙarfe mai nauyi tare da babban ƙarfinsa, ƙarancin iyakokin ganowa da halaye masu girma da karko.
Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta BFRL WFX-220A
Gwaji 1
1.1 Shirye-shiryen kayan aiki da reagent
Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta WFX-220A: BFRL;
Na'urar narke abinci ta microwave da kuma tallafawa na'urar dumama wutar lantarki mai wayo: Yiyao Technology, M3;
Maganin Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr (1000 μg/mL); Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, da palladium nitrate duk suna da tsarki.
1.2 Samfurin shiri
Bayan an tattara samfurin, a zuba sinadarin nitric acid mai dacewa don daidaita sinadarin acid zuwa pH≤2, a adana shi a wuri mai duhu, sannan a auna shi cikin kwanaki 40.
A auna mililita 25.0 na samfuran ruwan saman a cikin tankin narkewar abinci na microwave daidai, a ƙara mililita 3 na nitric acid da mililita 1 na hydrochloric acid, sannan a saka su a cikin injin narke abinci na microwave don narkewar abinci (Tebur 1). Bayan narkewar abinci, a sanyaya zuwa zafin ɗaki, a sanya a kan narke abinci na lantarki, sannan a fitar da ruwan don ya bushe. A cire a kwantar, a wanke bangon ciki da 1% nitric acid aƙalla sau 3, a mayar da shi zuwa bututun launi mai 25ml, a narkar da ƙarar da 1% nitric acid zuwa reticle, a girgiza sosai, sannan a gwada.
Tebur 1 Tsarin dumama narkewar abinci a cikin microwave
| Zafin narkewar abinci | Lokacin dumama (minti) | Lokacin riƙewa (minti) |
| Zafin ɗaki→120℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 120→150℃ | 0 | 3 |
| 150→180℃ | 0 | 20 |
1.3 Yanayin gwaji
An yi amfani da na'urar nazarin shaye-shayen sinadarai ta atomic don yin nazari, kuma an nuna yanayin amfani da kayan aiki a cikin Jadawali na 2 a ƙasa.
Tebur 2 Yanayin ma'ana na kayan aikin tanderu na graphite
| Sinadarin | Cu | Pb | Cd | Ni | Cr |
| Wutar fitila | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Tsawon Raƙuman Ruwa | 324.7 | 283.3 | 228.8 | 232 | 357.9 |
| Bandwidth na Spectral | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Zafin bushewa (℃)/Lokaci (s) | 120/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 | 100/30 |
| Zafin toka (℃)/Lokaci (s) | 900/30 | 550/15 | 550/15 | 800/15 | 850/15 |
| Zafin atomization (℃)/Lokaci(s) | 2300/3 | 2200/3 | 2000/3 | 2500/4 | 2500/3 |
| Girman allura (μL) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Ƙarar allurar inganta matrix (μL) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Hanyar gyara bango | Fitilar Deuterium | Fitilar Deuterium | Fitilar Deuterium | Fitilar Deuterium | Fitilar Deuterium |
Tsarin inganta matrix: auna 0.1g na palladium nitrate, ƙara 1mL na nitric acid (2.1) don narke, sannan saita ƙarar zuwa 100mL da ruwan dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Zane na lanƙwasa masu aiki: An narkar da mafita na yau da kullun na Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni da Cr (1000 μg/mL) waɗanda ake samu a kasuwa, an shirya su a cikin 50 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 30 μg/L, da 10 μg/L na maganin amfani, kuma an yi lanƙwasa na daidaitawar dilution mai maki ɗaya tare da na'urar sampler ta atomatik.
2 Sakamako da tattaunawa
A ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji da aka zaɓa, dangantakar layi ta yi kyau a 0~50μg/L ga Cu, 0~10μg/L ga Pb, 0~1μg/L ga Cd, 0~30μg/L ga Ni, da kuma 0~10μg/L ga Cr, wanda zai iya kaiwa sama da 0.999; An nuna lanƙwasa na daidaitawa a Hoto na 1~Hoto na 5 a ƙasa.
Hoto na 1: Layin daidaitawa na Cu
Hoto na 2 Layin daidaitawa na Pb
Hoto na 3: Tsarin daidaita Cd
Hoto na 4 Layin daidaitawa na Ni
Hoto na 5: Layin daidaitawa na Cr
An shirya maganin da babu komai bisa ga hanyar gwaji kuma an gudanar da ma'auni 11, kuma iyakar gano hanyar lissafi shine 17.34pg ga Cu, 1.51pg ga Pb, 0.42pg ga Cd, 17.77pg ga Ni, da 1.28pg ga Cr.
An gwada samfuran ruwan saman da aka yi wa magani a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan gwaji, kuma sakamakon gwajin an nuna shi a cikin Jadawali na 3 a ƙasa.
Tebur na 3Sakamakon tantance samfuran ruwan saman
| Sinadarin | Samfuri na 1 | Samfuri na 2 | ||
| Ƙimar da aka auna (μg/L) | Ƙara yawan murmurewa (%) | Ƙimar da aka auna (μg/L) | Ƙara yawan murmurewa (%) | |
| Cu | 18.7 | 94.5 | 24.2 | 92.1 |
| Pb | 1.2 | 97.8 | 1.4 | 99.6 |
| Cd | <0.06 | 91.2 | <0.06 | 94.5 |
| Ni | 7.9 | 102.3 | 8.2 | 97.4 |
| Cr | 1.3 | 105.5 | 1.8 | 96.9 |
An gwada kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su na Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, da Cr sau 7 a jere, kuma an nuna sakamakon gwajin a cikin Jadawali na 4 a ƙasa.
Tebur na 4Sakamakon kayan bincike na Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, da Cr
| abu | lamba | ƙimar da aka daidaita (μg/L) | Ma'auni (μg /L) | Bambancin daidaito na dangi (%) |
| Cu | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 497±25 | 522.00 | 1.9 |
| Pb | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.241±0.012 | 0.243 | 2.1 |
| Cd | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 0.138±0.008 | 0.137 | 1.5 |
| Ni | GSB 07-3186-2014 | 258±14 | 253.4 | 2.6 |
Daga Tebur na 3 da na 4, yawan kwarin da aka samu na Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni da Cr a cikin samfurin ruwan saman shine 91.2% ~ 105.5%, kuma bambancin daidaito na samfurin da aka saba gani shine 1.5% ~ 2.6% don ma'auni 7 masu layi ɗaya.
Kammalawa 3
Bisa ga buƙatun "Matsayin Ingancin Muhalli na Ruwan Sama" (GB 3838-2002), abubuwan da ke cikin Cu, Pb, Cd da Ni a cikin ruwan saman sun cika ƙa'idar ruwa ta Class II. A wannan karon, an yi amfani da na'urar auna zafin jiki ta WFX-220A don tantance Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni da Cr tare da la'akari da HJ 1453-2026 "Ƙayyadadden Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni da Cr a cikin Ingancin Ruwa ta hanyar Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry", kuma sakamakon matakin iyaka na ganowa, daidaiton samfurin da daidaito sun gamsar.
Na'urar auna zafin jiki ta WFX-220A tana da babban ƙarfin aiki, daidaito mai kyau da kuma aikace-aikace iri-iri. Babban abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne babban matakin sarrafa kansa, wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki ta graphite na iya yin sauyawa ta atomatik sau ɗaya, tare da ingantaccen sarrafa kwararar ruwa da software mai wayo tare da bayanan ƙwararru da aka gina a ciki, aiki mai sauƙi da inganci. A lokaci guda, kayan aikin suna ɗaukar ƙira mai tsari don kulawa ta yau da kullun, kuma suna da makullan tsaro da yawa da kariyar sarrafa zafin jiki waɗanda ke haɗa software da kayan aiki don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma tallafawa hanyar harshen wuta mai zafi, hanyar hydride da nau'ikan faɗaɗa autosampler, waɗanda zasu iya biyan buƙatun nazarin ƙarfe a fannin kariyar muhalli, abinci da magani da sauran fannoni.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-15-2026